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CIS Microfiche Library 1970-2002 (CIS Asia Pacific Collection)
CIS NO: 71-H202-14
TITLE: United States - Vietnam Relations, 1945-1967.
SOURCE: Committee on Armed Services. House
DOC TYPE: Print COLLATION: 6891 various paging. il.
Indexes.
DATE: 1971
CONGRESS-SESSION: 92-1 SUDOC: Y4.Ar5/2:V67/3/945-67/bk.1-12
ITEM NO: 1012
LC CARD NO: 70-614379 MC ENTRY NO: 16432(71)
Unclassified version of 1968 DOD study, popularly known as the Pentagon
Papers, commissioned by former Defense Secretary Robert S. McNamara and
prepared by a special task force under chairmanship of Leslie H. Gelb.
Original study consists of 47 volumes. Security deletions from this version
include the omission of the original study's final 4 volumes dealing with
negotiations for peace and the release of U.S. prisoners of war.
Study is based primarily upon DOD files, supplemented by material from
State Dept, CIA, and relevant published sources. Study is divided into 6
major parts, and is printed as 12 books:
Part I. Vietnam and the U.S., 1940-50.
Part II. U.S. Involvement in the Franco-Viet Minh War, 1950-54.
Part III. The Geneva Accords. (Book 1)
Part IV. Evolution of the War. (Book 1-7)
Part V. Justification of the War. (Books 7-12)
Part VI. Settlement of the Conflict. (Book 12)
Each part includes a summary, index, and chronology.
CONTENT NOTATION: U.S. involvement in Vietnam, 1945-67, DOD study
DESCRIPTORS: DIEM, NGO DINH; TAYLOR, MAXWELL D.; NATIONAL.DEFENSE;
FOREIGN.ASSISTANCE; JOHNSON, LYNDON B.; KENNEDY, JOHN F.;
FOREIGN.RELATIONS; DEPARTMENT.OF.DEFENSE; GELB, LESLIE H.; MCNAMARA,
ROBERT S.; LAOS; CAMBODIA; EISENHOWER, DWIGHT D.;
DEPARTMENT.OF.STATE; VIETNAM; PENTAGON PAPERS
71-H202-14 TESTIMONY NO: 1 Book 1 584 p
PART I:
Vietnam and the U.S., 1940-50.
A. U.S. Policy, 1940-50. U.S. policy toward Indochina and the
developing conflict between France and the Viet Minh as viewed from
Washington. (62 p.)
B. Character and Power of the Viet Minh. Origins and role of the Viet
Cong within the Vietnamese liberation movement. (69 p.)
C. Ho Chi Minh: Asian Tito? Ho's political development and the
likelihood of his ever having adopted a position of neutrality in the
Cold War confrontation. Includes political biography of Ho from 1890 to
1950, and a record of his communications with the U.S., 1945-46. (104
p.)
PART II:
U.S. Involvement in the Franco-Viet Minh War, 1950-54.
A. U.S., France, and Vietnamese Nationalism. U.S. policy towards
regime of Emperor Bao Dai; relative leverage of France and U.S. upon
each others' Vietnam policy; U.S. perceptions of communist threat to SE
Asia and to basic U.S. interests. (53 p.)
B. Towards a Negotiated Settlement. 1953-54 debate within the U.S.
Government over military intervention in Indochina; subsequent
unsuccessful U.S. attempt to organize united action by the West on
Vietnam prior to the Geneva Conference. (31 p.)
PART III:
The Geneva Accords, 1954.
A. U.S. Military Planning and Diplomatic Maneuver, Jan-July, 1954.
U.S. pre-conference policy; negotiating position taken during
conference. (42 p.)
B. Role and Obligations of the State of Vietnam. South Vietnamese
Government status and negotiating position at Geneva; French and South
Vietnamese responsibilities under the Accords. (28 p.)
C. Viet Minh Position and Sino-Soviet Strategy. North Vietnamese
negotiating position at Geneva Conference; Sino-Soviet objectives and
strategy. (26 p.)
D. Intent of Geneva Accords. Outcome as viewed by parties involved;
analysis of the spirit and practical effect of the Accords. (26 p.)
PART IV:
Evolution of the War.
A. U.S. Military Assistance Program for Diem: The Eisenhower
Commitments, 1954-1960.
1. NATO and SEATO: A Comparison. Genesis of U.S. post-World War II
security commitments; comparison of NATO and SEATO treaty texts and
evolution of the two organizations. (51 p.)
2. Aid for France in Indochina, 1950-54. Objectives and achievements of
U.S. military assistance to France and French controlled Associated
States of Vietnam, prior to Geneva Conference. (28 p.)
3. U.S. and France's Withdrawal from Vietnam, 1954-56. U.S. policy
towards Vietnam and relations with France and the South Vietnamese
Government of Ngo Dinh Diem during the post-Geneva Conference period.
(58 p.)
(Part IV. A. continues in Book 2.)
CONTENT NOTATION: U.S. involvement in Vietnam, 1945-67, DOD study
DESCRIPTORS (and special content notations): SEATO (Genesis and
evolution, comparison with NATO); GENEVA ACCORDS ON VIETNAM; FRANCE;
HO CHI MINH
71-H202-14 TESTIMONY NO: 2 Book 2 580 p
PART IV:
Evolution of the War -- Continued
A. 4. U.S. Training of the Vietnamese National Army, 1954-59. Nature of
U.S. training mission and effect upon South Vietnamese Army's
development. (85 p.)
5. Origins of the Insurgency, 1954-60. Breakdown of Geneva peace
settlement; extent to which the war was internal revolt against the
South Vietnamese Government; role of North Vietnam in fomenting the
insurgency; U.S. perceptions of the insurgency and responses during the
Eisenhower Administration. (316 p.)
B. Counterinsurgency: The Kennedy Commitments, 1961-63.
1. Kennedy Program and Commitments: 1961. Appraisals of Vietnam
situation at outset of Kennedy Administration; reports of Lansdale and
Taylor missions to Vietnam; development of U.S. worldwide
counterinsurgency planning and of decisions on aid to Vietnam. (179 p.)
(Part IV. B. continues in Book 3.)
CONTENT NOTATION: U.S. Involvement in Vietnam, 1945-67, DOD study
DESCRIPTORS: COUNTERINSURGENCY
71-H202-14 TESTIMONY NO: 3 Book 3 580 p
PART IV:
Evolution of the War -- Continued
B. 2. Strategic Hamlet Program, 1961-63. Evolution of the strategic
hamlet program, designed to counter Viet Cong incursions and to pacify
the countryside under South Vietnamese control; growing U.S. differences
with the Diem government; causes for program's failure. (45 p.)
3. Advisory Build-Up, 1961-67. Limited advisory effort, 1954-60; Kennedy
Administration expansion of number and role of advisers as alternative
to deployment of combat forces; resulting organizational problems with
respect to military command and pacification program. (169 p.)
4. Phased Withdrawal of U.S. Forces, 1962-64. Background of abortive
phased withdrawal plan; optimistic assessments upon which plan was
based; reversal of plan following coup against Diem. (54 p.)
5. Overthrow of Ngo Dinh Diem, May-Nov. 1963. Events leading to
successful coup against Diem; U.S. knowledge of plotting, and policy
towards coup. (102 p.)
C. Direct Action: The Johnson Commitments, 1964-68.
1. U.S. Programs in South Vietnam, Nov. 1963-Apr. 1965. U.S.
reaffirmation of support for South Vietnam in post-Diem period;
increasing instability in South Vietnam associated with successive coups
and deteriorating security in the countryside; policy debate within
Johnson Administration over committing U.S. ground forces to active
military operations, and over launching progressive bombing program
against North Vietnam. (143 p.)
2. Military Pressures against North Vietnam.
(a) Feb-June 1964. Initiation of limited covert actions against North
Vietnam; interagency planning and development of scenarios for increased
military pressure against North Vietnam and in Laos; discussion of U.S.
policy on increased military pressure at Honolulu Conference, June 1964.
(67 p.)
(Part IV C. 2. continues in Book 4.)
CONTENT NOTATION: U.S. involvement in Vietnam, 1945-67, DOD study
DESCRIPTORS: COUNTERINSURGENCY
71-H202-14 TESTIMONY NO: 4 Book 4 521 p
PART IV:
Evolution of the War -- Continued
C. 2. (b) July-Oct. 1964. Tonkin Gulf incident, and decision to initiate
retaliatory air strikes against North Vietnam; subsequent U.S. policy
assessments and decisions. Includes copies of draft and final versions
of congressional Tonkin Gulf Resolution, and Defense Secretary
McNamara's testimony on the incident before the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee. (78 p.)
(c) Nov.-Dec. 1964. Continued policy debate within Johnson
Administration over proposals to increase military pressures against
North Vietnam, including a program of air strikes; initiation of Barrel
Roll program of armed reconnaissance air strikes in Laos. (95 p.)
3. Rolling Thunder Program Begins. Transition from retaliatory air
strikes in response to specific Viet Cong attacks to sustained reprisal;
initiation of program of periodic bombing attacks upon selected targets
in North Vietnam (Rolling Thunder); President Johnson's April 1964
speech stating U.S. readiness to negotiate for peace and proposing a
billion dollar program for SE Asia Mekong River development; decision to
adopt first bombing pause in May 1964. (178 p.)
4. Marine Combat Units Go To Da Nang, Mar. 1965. Background and policy
considerations involved in decision to put the first U.S. ground combat
units in Vietnam. (41 p.)
5. Phase I in Build-Up of U.S. Forces, the Debate, Mar-July 1965. Debate
within U.S. Government over expansion of U.S. ground combat role in
Vietnam and strategy for employment of U.S. forces; decision to deploy
44 U.S./allied nations battalions to Vietnam; rejection of enclave
strategy in favor of search and destroy. (135 p.)
(Part IV. C. continues in Book 5.)
CONTENT NOTATION: U.S. involvement in Vietnam, 1945-67, DOD study
DESCRIPTORS: TONKIN GULF RESOLUTION
71-H202-14 TESTIMONY NO: 5 Book 5 478 p
PART IV:
Evolution of the War -- Continued
C. 6. U.S. Ground Strategy and Force Deployments: 1965-67.
(a) Volume I: Phase II, Program 3, Program 4. Steady build-up of U.S.
combat and logistical forces in Vietnam throughout 1965-66; review of
strategy for the war and military requests for additional commitments of
U.S. troops; differences between Defense Secretary McNamara and JCS over
strategy and required troop strengths. (147 p.)
(b) Volume II: Program 5. Gen. William C. Westmoreland's strategy and
conduct of the war in 1967, and request for a major increase in U.S.
troops above the 470,000 level set in Program 4; intensified interagency
discussion of U.S. military requirements and options in Vietnam; growing
resistance to further large U.S. troop increases. (237 p.)
(c) Volume III: Program 6. JCS assessment of situation in South Vietnam
following Viet Cong TET offensive in Jan. 1968, and support for
Westmoreland's request for additional 200,000 U.S. troops; reassessment
of U.S. Vietnam policy and strategy by new Secretary of Defense, Clark
Clifford; events leading to President Johnson's Mar. 31 TV address
announcing curtailment of bombing of North Vietnam to facilitate opening
of peace negotiations, and stating his decision not to seek reelection.
(94 p.)
(Part IV. C. continues in Book 6.)
CONTENT NOTATION: U.S. involvement in Vietnam, 1945-67, DOD study
DESCRIPTORS: CLIFFORD, CLARK M.; WESTMORELAND, WILLIAM C.
71-H202-14 TESTIMONY NO: 6 Book 6 560 p
PART IV:
Evolution of the War -- Continued
C. 7. Air War in the North: 1965-68.
(a) Volume I. Gradual escalation of bombing attacks on North Vietnam
under the Rolling Thunder Program; year-end bombing pause, Dec.
1965-Jan. 1966; debate over expansion of targets to include North
Vietnamese oil and gas storage facilities; growing disenchantment of
Secretary McNamara with bombing results at the end of 1966, and efforts
to restrict further escalation. (208 p.)
(b) Volume II. Continuation in 1967 of debate over bombing escalation
and target restrictions; President Johnson's Aug. 1967 speech linking a
bombing halt with the initiation of "productive" peace negotiations;
Defense Secretary Clifford's reassessment of Vietnam policy; decision by
President Johnson not to seek reelection and to curtail bombing
operations against North Vietnam as a step to peace. (206 p.)
8. Re-Emphasis on Pacification: 1965-67. Role of pacification in U.S.
policy in Vietnam; varying degrees of importance attached to
pacification in actual operations; effect of changes in program
organizational structure. (146 p.)
(Part IV. C. continues in Book 7.)
CONTENT NOTATION: U.S. involvement in Vietnam, 1945-67, DOD study
71-H202-14 TESTIMONY NO: 7 Book 7 523 p
PART IV:
Evolution of the War -- Continued
C. 9. U.S.-GVN Relations.
(a) Volume 1: Dec. 1963-June 1965. U.S. relations with post-Diem South
Vietnamese governments; efforts by U.S. representatives to get
improvements in South Vietnamese political and military performance;
effects of U.S. decisions to bomb North Vietnam and to introduce ground
combat forces. (94 p.)
(b) Volume II: July 1965-Dec. 1967. U.S. relations with the Ky
government established by military coup in June 1965; problems of
exercising leverage to bring about reforms, despite heavy U.S.
commitments in South Vietnam; efforts to give legitimacy to South
Vietnam government by holding national elections. (80 p.)
10. Statistical Survey of the War, North and South: 1965-67. Graphs of
military build-up and operations statistics superimposed on a time
sequence chart of events. (25 p.)
PART V:
Justification of the War.
A. Public Statements. Volumes I and II. Public statements by President
and high-ranking government officials justifying U.S. involvement in
Vietnam, arranged chronologically, for the Truman (8 p.), Eisenhower (54
p.), Kennedy (47 p.), and Johnson (136 p.) Administrations.
B. Internal Documents.
1. Roosevelt Administration. Classified documents containing expressions
of U.S. policy towards Indochina during the World War II years, 1940-45.
(79 p.)
(Part V. B. continues in Book 8.)
CONTENT NOTATION: U.S. involvement in Vietnam, 1945-67, DOD study
DESCRIPTORS: ROOSEVELT, FRANKLIN D.; TRUMAN, HARRY S
71-H202-14 TESTIMONY NO: 8 Book 8 594 p
PART V:
Justification of the War -- Continued
B. 2. The Truman Administration.
(a) Volume I: 1945-49. Classified documents covering: U.S. interest and
involvement in Indochina in the post World War II period; U.S. position
on reestablishment of French control of Vietnam, and dealings with Ho
Chi Minh; and effects of French agreement with Emperor Bao Dai. (299 p.)
(b) Volume II: 1950-52. Classified documents covering U.S. recognition
of the French-sponsored Associated States of Vietnam, Laos, and
Cambodia, and the initiation of economic and military assistance to the
French in Indochina; U.S. position in the event of Communist China
intervention in SE Asia. (295 p.)
(Part V. B. continues in Book 9.)
CONTENT NOTATION: U.S. involvement in Vietnam, 1945-67, DOD study
DESCRIPTORS: TRUMAN, HARRY S; HO CHI MINH
71-H202-14 TESTIMONY NO: 9 Book 9 753 p
PART V:
Justification of the War -- Continued
B. 3. Eisenhower Administration.
(a) Volume I: 1953. Classified documents covering: U.S. interests and
involvement in Indochina; linking of Indochina conflict with the Korean
War; stationing of U.S. military mission in Saigon and increased
military assistance to the French; French adoption of Navarre Plan for
conduct of the war in Vietnam. (266 p.)
(b) Volume II: 1954. The Geneva Accords. Classified documents covering:
deterioration of French military position in Vietnam; French requests
for U.S. military intervention following the siege of Dien Bien Phu; and
U.S. position at Geneva Conference. (487 p.)
(Part V. B. continues in Book 10.)
CONTENT NOTATION: U.S. involvement in Vietnam, 1945-67, DOD study
DESCRIPTORS: GENEVA ACCORDS ON VIETNAM
71-H202-14 TESTIMONY NO: 10 Book 10 714 p
PART V:
Justification of the War -- Continued
B. 3. (c) Eisenhower Administration, Volume III: Geneva Accords -- 15
Mar. 1956. Classified documents covering: U.S. interests and involvement
in Vietnam following Geneva Conference; U.S. assumption of training
responsibility for the Vietnamese Army and provision of aid directly to
Vietnam; French-U.S. differences over support of the Diem government;
and U.S. policy towards SE Asia and formation of SEATO. (396 p.)
(d) Volume IV: 1956 French Withdrawal -- 1960. Classified documents
covering: U.S. economic and military assistance to the Diem regime;
relations with Diem and suggestions for reforms in his government;
assessments of the situation in Vietnam and U.S. policy in SE Asia; and
concern over deteriorating situation in Laos. (318 p.)
(Part V. B. continues in Book 11.)
CONTENT NOTATION: U.S. involvement in Vietnam, 1945-67, DOD study
DESCRIPTORS: SEATO
71-H202-14 TESTIMONY NO: 11 Book 11 450 p
PART V:
Justification of the War -- Continued
B. 4. Kennedy Administration: Volume I. Classified documents covering:
U.S. interests and involvement in Vietnam in the period Jan.-Dec. 1961;
Kennedy Administration development of counterinsurgency planning;
concern over evidence of growing Viet Cong strength in South Vietnam;
increased economic and military assistance to the Diem Government;
missions by Gen. Maxwell Taylor and Defense Secretary McNamara to
Saigon; divergence in State Dept and JCS estimates of the situation in
Vietnam and strength of President Diem's position. (450 p.)
(Part V. B. continues in Book 12.)
CONTENT NOTATION: U.S. involvement in Vietnam, 1945-67, DOD study
DESCRIPTORS: COUNTERINSURGENCY
71-H202-14 TESTIMONY NO: 12 Book 12 554 p
PART V:
Justification of the War -- Continued
B. 4. Kennedy Administration: Volume II. Classified documents covering:
U.S. interests and involvement in Vietnam in the period Jan. 1962-Oct.
1963; step-up in U.S. training and support for the Vietnamese Army;
further assessments of the situation in Vietnam; memorandum by
Ambassador John K. Galbraith attacking continued support of Diem; rising
Buddhist protest against the Diem government; U.S. position on coup
plotting against Diem. (201 p.)
PART VI:
Settlement of the Conflict.
A. Negotiations, 1965-67: The Public Record. Chronological listing of
public attempts and public reports of efforts to arrange a negotiated
settlement to the Vietnam war. Also includes State Dept compilation of
17 publicly-disclosed U.S. and third party peace initiatives, and a
summary of publicly-stated negotiating points. (79 p.)
B. Negotiations, 1965-67: Announced Position Statements. Public
statements by the U.S., North Vietnam, and the Viet Cong with regard to
their position on peace negotiations. Also includes press reports and
public statements by State Dept Assistant Secretary William P. Bundy on
a peace feeler to Ho Chi Minh by newspaper editor Harry S. Ashmore in
Sept. 1967. (274 p.)
CONTENT NOTATION: U.S. involvement in Vietnam, 1945-67, DOD study
DESCRIPTORS: NEGOTIATIONS
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