CIS NO: 71-S381-18 TITLE: Legislative Proposals Relating to the War in Southeast Asia. SOURCE: Committee on Foreign Relations. Senate DOC TYPE: Hearing COLLATION: vii+726+xii p. il. Index. DATE: Apr. 20-22, 28, May 3, 11-13, 25-27, 1971 CONGRESS-SESSION: 92-1 SUDOC: Y4.F76/2:As4/13 ITEM NO: 1039 LC CARD NO: 79-614140 MC ENTRY NO: 16496(71) Hearings to consider: S. 376, the Vietnam Disengagement Act (text, p. 2-4), to amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to provide that after May 1, 1971, authorized or appropriated funds may be used in connection with activities of American Armed Forces in and over Vietnam only: to accomplish orderly termination of military operations and the safe withdrawal of remaining American Armed Forces by Dec. 31, 1971; to assure the release of prisoners of war (POWs) and the safety of South Vietnamese who might be physically endangered by American withdrawal; and to provide assistance to South Vietnam consistent with these objectives. S. 974 (text, p. 5-6), to amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to prohibit any involvement of U.S. Armed Forces in an invasion of North Vietnam without prior and explicit congressional authorization. S.J. Res. 82 (text, p. 7-9), proposing that the U.S. agree to complete withdrawal of all U.S. military personnel from South Vietnam within twelve months following completion of the exchange, under appropriate international supervision, of all POWs. S. Con. Res. 17 (p. 10-14), reaffirming U.S. neutrality in the 1971 South Vietnamese elections, calling upon the President to implement a policy of strict neutrality, and creating a bi-partisan congressional commission, supported by a staff in Vietnam throughout the election campaign, to oversee U.S. policies and activities which might interfere with the electoral process. S. Res. 62 (p. 15-16), resolving that the Senate Committees on Foreign Relations, Appropriations, and Armed Services should examine and report on the requirements and consequences of the orderly withdrawal of all U.S. Armed Forces from Southeast (SE) Asia including the safe return of American POWs. S. Res. 66 (text, p. 17-18), urging the President immediately to withdraw all U.S. Armed Forces from Indochina and to terminate all military operations in Indochina except those of a purely defensive character related to the withdrawal, conditioned only upon agreement with the Government of the People's Republic of Vietnam for the release and repatriation of U.S. POWs. S.J. Res. 89 (text, p. 19-20), resolving that upon agreement between the U.S. and North Vietnamese Governments as to the release of American POWs, the U.S. shall declare a ceasefire in-place and withdraw all its military forces and equipment from South Vietnam not later than nine months from the date of the agreement. Contains extensive colloquy by Committee Chairman J. W. Fulbright (Sen, D-Ark) and Committee members on the issues involved in and the possibilities for termination of the war and a political settlement in SE Asia. Includes submitted statements and correspondence (p. 683-726). (For summary of brief items of testimony, see S381-18.22.) CONTENT NOTATION: SE Asia war, congressional proposals to end DESCRIPTORS: PRISONERS OF WAR; CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE RELATIONS; FULBRIGHT, J. WILLIAM; CAMBODIA; LAOS; VIETNAM DISENGAGEMENT ACT; FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT; VIETNAM; FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT BILLS: 92 S.376; 92 S.974; 92 S.J.Res.82; 92 S.Con.Res.17; 92 S.Res.62; 92 S.Res.66; 92 S.J.Res.89 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF: P.L.92-226 71-S381-18 TESTIMONY NO: 1 Apr. 20, 1971 p. 22-89 WITNESSES (and witness notations): MCGOVERN, GEORGE (Sen, D-SDak) HATFIELD, MARK O. (Sen, R-Oreg) STATEMENTS AND DISCUSSION: Summary, and desirability, of S. 376; differences in intention and likely consequences of Administration policy and S. 376, including constitutionality of the two approaches; relative merits of proposal by Sen. John S. Cooper (R-Ky) to make firm commitment of withdrawal but without setting definite date. CONTENT NOTATION: SE Asia war, congressional proposals to end 71-S381-18 TESTIMONY NO: 2 Apr. 20, 1971 p. 89-97 WITNESSES (and witness notations): HARTKE, VANCE (Sen, D-Ind) STATEMENT AND DISCUSSION: Need for S. Res. 66; summary of conversations with each of the four delegations to the Paris peace talks; necessity of fixed date for U.S. military withdrawal from Vietnam. CONTENT NOTATION: SE Asia war, congressional proposals to end 71-S381-18 TESTIMONY NO: 3 Apr. 21, 1971 p. 103-117 WITNESSES (and witness notations): JAVITS, JACOB K. (Sen, R-NY) STATEMENT AND DISCUSSION: Weakening effect of Vietnam war on U.S.; desirability of June 30, 1972, terminal date for U.S. military force withdrawal from Vietnam. CONTENT NOTATION: SE Asia war, congressional proposals to end 71-S381-18 TESTIMONY NO: 4 Apr. 21, 1971 p. 117-127 WITNESSES (and witness notations): MILLER, JACK (Sen, R-Iowa) STATEMENT AND DISCUSSION: Need for and feasibility of S.J. Res. 82; reliability of North Vietnamese statements regarding return of POWs. CONTENT NOTATION: SE Asia war, congressional proposals to end 71-S381-18 TESTIMONY NO: 5 Apr. 21, 1971 p. 127-144 WITNESSES (and witness notations): STEVENSON, ADLAI E., III (Sen, D-Ill) STATEMENT AND DISCUSSION: Support for announced date of withdrawal of all American forces; desirability and practicability of S. Con. Res. 17 as means of encouraging political settlement in Vietnam. CONTENT NOTATION: SE Asia war, congressional proposals to end 71-S381-18 TESTIMONY NO: 6 Apr. 21, 1971 p. 144-167 WITNESSES (and witness notations): MONDALE, WALTER F. (Sen, D-Minn) STATEMENT AND DISCUSSION: Support for S. 376; summary of and need for S. 974, including feasibility of adding an amendment to an appropriation bill to achieve purpose. CONTENT NOTATION: SE Asia war, congressional proposals to end 71-S381-18 TESTIMONY NO: 7 Apr. 21, 1971 p. 174-177 WITNESSES (and witness notations): SAXBE, WILLIAM B. (Sen, R-Ohio) STATEMENT AND DISCUSSION: Questionable value of S. 376 as long as accelerated withdrawal continues. CONTENT NOTATION: SE Asia war, congressional proposals to end 71-S381-18 TESTIMONY NO: 8 Apr. 22, 1971 p. 180-210 WITNESSES (and witness notations): KERRY, JOHN (representing Vietnam Veterans Against The War) STATEMENT: Asserts necessity of immediate and unilateral withdrawal based on Vietnam veterans' personal experiences. (p. 180-185) DISCUSSION: Means of disengagement from war and political settlement in Indochina; viability of American political system. (p. 185-210) CONTENT NOTATION: SE Asia war, congressional proposals to end DESCRIPTORS: VIETNAM VETERANS AGAINST THE WAR 71-S381-18 TESTIMONY NO: 9 Apr. 28, 1971 p. 211-251 WITNESSES (and witness notations): CRAVEN, JAY GREGORY, SUSAN SCAGLIOTTI, JOHN MARSHALL, CHIP SISTER, KATHY (all reps of Students and Youth for a People's Peace) STATEMENTS: Devastation of war in Indochina; genesis of People's Peace Treaty (text, p. 215); charged fallacy of President's policy and failure of Congress and democratic system; necessity of new tactics to end war. (p. 211-228) DISCUSSION: Debate on intent, tactics and effect of planned civil disobedience; South and North Vietnamese treatment of POWs and likelihood of mutual exchange without conditions. (p. 228-251) CONTENT NOTATION: SE Asia war, congressional proposals to end DESCRIPTORS: STUDENTS AND YOUTH FOR A PEOPLE'S PEACE; PEACE MOVEMENTS 71-S381-18 TESTIMONY NO: 10 Apr. 28, 1971 p. 251-262 WITNESSES (and witness notations): STEPHENS, MELVILLE L. (former Navy Lt) STATEMENT: Weaknesses of arguments for setting definite withdrawal date; U.S. responsibility to South Vietnamese people. (p. 251-253) DISCUSSION: Commitment to Vietnamese v. domestic commitment. (p. 253-262) CONTENT NOTATION: SE Asia war, congressional proposals to end 71-S381-18 TESTIMONY NO: 11 May 3, 1971 p. 263-316 WITNESSES (and witness notations): IRWIN, JOHN N., II (Under Sec of State); accompanied by SULLIVAN, WILLIAM H. (Dep Asst Sec for East Asian and Pacific Aff) STATEMENT: Review of Administration policy on ending U.S. participation in Vietnam war and repatriation of American POWs; opposition to announcement of fixed date for total withdrawal. (p. 263-268) DISCUSSION: Rationale for continuation of war, including Constitutional authority for President's Vietnam policy; extent of Administration and State Dept responsiveness to committee views and requests and to public opinion; U.S. activity in Laos and Cambodia during and after withdrawal of American forces in Vietnam. (p. 268-316) INSERTION: "President Nixon's Record on Vietnam, 1954-68," chronology of actions and statements as reported in the N.Y. Times (p. 295-299). CONTENT NOTATION: SE Asia war, congressional proposals to end DESCRIPTORS (and special content notations): DEPARTMENT.OF.STATE; NIXON, RICHARD M. (Vietnam actions and statements, 1954-68, chronology) 71-S381-18 TESTIMONY NO: 12 May 11, 1971 p. 317-341 WITNESSES (and witness notations): EAGLETON, THOMAS F. (Sen, D-Mo) STATEMENT AND DISCUSSION: Probability and implications of continuing involvement in Vietnam if definite withdrawal date not set; support for S. 376. CONTENT NOTATION: SE Asia war, congressional proposals to end 71-S381-18 TESTIMONY NO: 13 May 11, 1971 p. 341-379 WITNESSES (and witness notations): GARDNER, JOHN W. (chm, Common Cause, Wash, DC) STATEMENT AND DISCUSSION: Swing in public opinion regarding Vietnam war; support for announced withdrawal date and schedule whereby prisoner releases would be phased with stages of withdrawal; need for reassertion of congressional power and influence vis-a-vis the Executive Branch. CONTENT NOTATION: SE Asia war, congressional proposals to end DESCRIPTORS: COMMON CAUSE 71-S381-18 TESTIMONY NO: 14 May 12, 1971 p. 382-424 WITNESSES (and witness notations): GELSTHORPE, EDWARD (pres, Hunt-Wesson Foods, Inc) STATEMENT AND DISCUSSION: Destructive effects of Vietnam war on domestic and international situations; need for announced date for complete U.S. military withdrawal. CONTENT NOTATION: SE Asia war, congressional proposals to end DESCRIPTORS: HUNT-WESSON FOODS 71-S381-18 TESTIMONY NO: 15 May 13, 1971 p. 425-484 WITNESSES (and witness notations): HICKEY, GERALD C. (member, social science dept, Rand Corp) SHAPLEN, ROBERT (Far Eastern Correspondent, New Yorker magazine) LUCE, DON (former free lance journalist in Vietnam) STATEMENTS AND DISCUSSION: U.S. withdrawal policy as it relates to possibilities of a political settlement in Vietnam; value and supervision of South Vietnamese elections; current situation in SE Asia as a whole and probable immediate and long range consequences of various policy alternatives. CONTENT NOTATION: SE Asia war, congressional proposals to end 71-S381-18 TESTIMONY NO: 16 May 25, 1971 p. 485-501 WITNESSES (and witness notations): SHOUP, DAVID M. (Gen., ret.) (Marine Corps) STATEMENT AND DISCUSSION: Desirability of speedy withdrawal of U.S. forces; need for continuing U.S. military aid following troop withdrawal. CONTENT NOTATION: SE Asia war, congressional proposals to end 71-S381-18 TESTIMONY NO: 17 May 25, 1971 p. 501-520 WITNESSES (and witness notations): HARRIMAN, W. AVERELL (Wash, DC) STATEMENT AND DISCUSSION: Desirability of congressional use of power of the purse to force Administration to negotiate withdrawal and thereby to compel South Vietnamese to negotiate a political settlement; support for congressional mission to observe South Vietnamese elections. CONTENT NOTATION: SE Asia war, congressional proposals to end 71-S381-18 TESTIMONY NO: 18 May 26, 1971 p. 531-589 WITNESSES (and witness notations): YOST, CHARLES W. (former US Permanent Rep to UN) FALK, RICHARD A. (prof of intl law and practice, Princeton Univ) LEWIS, JOHN W. (prof, Inst of Political Studies, Stanford Univ) STATEMENTS AND DISCUSSION: Desirability of setting firm withdrawal date; policy in SE Asia following withdrawal, including need for Geneva-type conference; moral aspects of the Vietnam war including debate on the extent to which U.S. war policies may have constituted war crimes; China's changing role in Indochina; necessity and means of persuading President of present opportunities to end Vietnam war. CONTENT NOTATION: SE Asia war, congressional proposals to end DESCRIPTORS (and special content notations): WAR CRIMES (SE Asia war, implications of U.S. policies) 71-S381-18 TESTIMONY NO: 19 May 27, 1971 p. 591-607 WITNESSES (and witness notations): JACOBS, ANDREW, JR. (Rep, D-Ind) STATEMENT AND DISCUSSION: Desirability of H. Res. 319, calling for withdrawal of all U.S. forces from Vietnam sixty days after North Vietnamese agree to return all U.S. prisoners in Indochina; lack of influence on policy of changed public opinion regarding Vietnam war. CONTENT NOTATION: SE Asia war, congressional proposals to end 71-S381-18 TESTIMONY NO: 20 May 27, 1971 p. 607-636 WITNESSES (and witness notations): MCCLOSKEY, PAUL N., JR. (Rep, R-Calif) STATEMENT AND DISCUSSION: Alleged deceptive briefings regarding relocation and bombing of Laotian and Vietnamese villages and the Phoenix program; support for S. 376; congressional power over appropriations as means to force Executive Branch cooperation. CONTENT NOTATION: SE Asia war, congressional proposals to end 71-S381-18 TESTIMONY NO: 21 May 27, 1971 p. 636-682 WITNESSES (and witness notations): RAINWATER, HERBERT R. (Cmdr in Chief, VFW) STATEMENT AND DISCUSSION: Opposition to proposals for immediate, unilateral or unconditional withdrawal of U.S. forces from SE Asia; South Vietnamese economic and political progress during war; extent of reliability of North Vietnamese assurances regarding release of U.S. POWs. INSERTION: Problems faced by Vietnam war veterans, compendium of newspaper and magazine articles (p. 669-682). CONTENT NOTATION: SE Asia war, congressional proposals to end DESCRIPTORS (and special content notations): VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS; VETERANS (Vietnam war veterans problems) 71-S381-18 TESTIMONY NO: 22 Brief Testimony WITNESSES (and witness notations): CLARK, JOSEPH S. (pres, World Federalists, USA, p. 520-529) CRANSTON, ALAN ((Sen, D-Calif), p. 98-102) GRUENING, ERNEST (former Sen from Alaska, p. 168-173) BRIEF ITEMS OF TESTIMONY: Support for S. 376. CONTENT NOTATION: SE Asia war, congressional proposals to end DESCRIPTORS: WORLD FEDERALISTS, U.S.A.